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HHV-6 Review ArticlesPellet P.E., Black J.B. and Yamamoto M. Human herpesvirus 6: The virus and the search for its role as a human pathogen. Adv Virus Res 1992; 41:1-51. Inoue N, Dambaugh TR and Pellett PE. Molecular biology of human herpesviruses 6A and 6B. Infect Agents Dis 1993; 2:343-360. Gompels UA, Nicholas J, Lawrence G, Jones M, Thomson BJ, Martin ME, Efstathiou S, Craxton M and Macaulay HA. The DNA sequence of human herpesvirus-6: structure, coding content and genome evolution. Virology 1995; 209:29-51. Lusso P and Gallo RC. Human herpesvirus 6. Baillieres Clin Haematol 1995; 8:201-223. Singh N and Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus 6 in transplantation: An emerging pathogen. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:1065-1071. Lusso P. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Antiviral Research 1996; 31:1-21. Braun DK, Dominguez G and Pellett PE. Human herpesvirus 6. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10:521-567. Levy JA. Three new human herpesviruses (HHV6,7, and 8). Lancet 1997; 349:558-563. Kimberlin DW. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7: Identification of newly recognized viral pathogens and their association with human disease. Ped Infect Dis J 1998; 17:59-67. Ljungman P. Immune reconstitution and viral infections after stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; Suppl 2:S72-74.
HHV-6 and Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous SystemDrobyski WR, Knox KK, Majewski D and Carrigan DR. Fatal encephalitis due to variant B human herpesvirus 6 infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1356-1360. MacKenzie I, Carrigan DR, Wiley CA. Chronic myelopathy associated with human herpesvirus six. Neurology 1995; 45:2015-2017. Knox KK, Carrigan DR. Active human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) infection of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS. J Immune Defic Syndr and Hum Retrovir 1995; 9:69-73. McCullers JA, Lakeman FD, Whitley RJ. Human herpesvirus 6 is associated with focal encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21:571-576. Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD et al. Plaque associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1995; 92:7440-7444. Carrigan DR, Harrington D, Knox KK. Subacute leukoencephalitis caused by CNS infection with human herpesvirus six manifesting as acute multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 47:145-148. Lycke J, Svennerholm B, Hjelmquist E, Frisen L, Badr G, Andersson M, Vahlne A and Andersen O. Acyclovir treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Neurol 1996; 243:214-224. Soldan SS, Berti R, Salem N, Secchiero P, Flammand L, Calabresi P, Brennan MB, Maloni HW, McFarland HF, Lin HC, Patnaik M and Jacobson S. Association of human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) with multiple sclerosis: Increased IgM response to HHV-6 early antigen and detection of serum HHV-6 DNA. Nature Med 1997; 3:1394-1397. Kamei A, Fujiwara T, Hiraga S, Onuma R and Ichinohe S. Acute disseminated demyelination due to primary human herpesvirus-6 infection. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156(9):709-712. Novoa LJ, Nagra RM, Nakawatase T, Edwards-Lee T, Tourtellotte WW and Cornford ME. Fulminant demyelinating encephalomyelitis associated with productive HHV-6 infection in an immunocompetent adult. J Med Virol 1997; 52:301-308. Carrigan DR and Knox KK. Human herpesvirus six and multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis 1997; 3(6):390-394.
HHV-6 and Central Nervous System DiseaseCarrigan DR, Drobyski WR, Russler SK, Tapper MA et al. Interstitial pneumonitis associated with human herpesvirus-6 infection after marrow transplantation. Lancet 1991; 338:147-149. Portolani M, Cermelli C, Moroni A, Bertolani MF, Di Luca D, Cassai E, Sabbatini AM. Human herpesvirus 6 infections in infants admitted to hospital. J Med Virol 1993; 39:146-151. Kondo K, Nagafuji H, Hata A, Tomomori C, Yamanishi K. Association of human herpesvirus 6 infection of the central nervous system with recurrence of febrile convulsions. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:1197-1200. Hall CB, Long CE, Schnabel KC, Caserta MT et al. Human herpesvirus 6 infection in children: A prospective study of complications and reactivations. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:432-438. Ward KN and Gray JJ. Primary human herpesvirus 6 infection is frequently overlooked as a cause of febrile fits in young children. J Med Virol 1994; 42:119-123. Caserta MT, Hall CB, Schnabel K et al. Neuroinvasion and persistence of human herpesvirus 6 in children. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:1586-1589. Knox KK, Harrington D and Carrigan DR. Fulminant human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) encephalitis in an HIV infected infant. J Med Virol 1995; 45:288-292. Yanagihara K, Tanaka-Taya K, Itagaki Y, Toribe Y, Arita K, Yamanishi K and Okada S. Human herpesvirus 6 meningoencephalitis with sequelae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14:240-242. Singh N, Gayowski T, Carrigan DR, Singh J. Human herpesvirus 6 associated febrile dermatosis with thrombocytopenia and encephalopathy in a liver transplant recipient. Transplantation 1995; 60:1355-1357. Saito Y, Sharer LR, Dewhurst S, Blumberg BM, Hall CB, Epstein LG. Cellular localization of human herpesvirus 6 in the brains of children with AIDS encephalopathy. J Neurovirol 1995; 1:30-39. Webb DW, Thomas EE, Hukin J, Sargent MA and Bjornson BH. Basal ganglia infarction associated with HHV-6 infection. Arch Dis Child 1997; 76(4):362-364. Mookerjee BP and Vogelsang G. Human herpes virus 6 encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with ganciclovir. Bone Marrow Transpl 1997; 20:905-906. Rieux C, Gautheret-Dejean A, Challine-Lehmann D, Kirch C, Agut H and Vernant JP. Human herpesvirus 6 meningoencephalitis in a recipient of an unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1998; 65:1408-1411. Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel KC, Long C, Epstein LG, Insel RA and Dewhurst S. Persistence of human herpesvirus 6 according to site and variant: possible greater neurotropism of variant A. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:132-137.
HHV-6 and TransplantationKnox KK and Carrigan DR. In vitro suppression of marrow progenitor cell differentiation by human herpesvirus six infection. J Infect Dis 1992; 165:925-929. Burd EM, Knox KK, and Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus six mediated suppression of growth factor induced macrophage maturation in human bone marrow cultures. Blood 1993; 81:1645-1650. Drobyski WR, Dunne WM, Burd EM, Knox KK, Ash RC, Horowitz MM, Flomenberg N, and Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients: I. Evidence for a marrow suppressive role for HHV-6 in vivo. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:735-739. Cone RW, Hackman RC, Huang ML, Bowden RA, Meyers JD, Metcalf M, Zeh J, Ashley R and Corey L. Human herpesvirus 6 in lung tissue from patients with pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:156-161. Drobyski WR, Knox KK, Majewski D and Carrigan DR. Fatal encephalitis due to variant B human herpesvirus 6 infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1356-1360. Carrigan DR and Knox KK. Human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) isolation from bone
marrow: HHV-6 associated bone marrow suppression in bone marrow transplant
patients. Blood 1994; 84:3307-3310. Knox KK and Carrigan DR. HHV-6 and CMV pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients. Lancet 1994; 343:1647. Rosenfeld CS, Weinbaum D, Carrigan DR, Knox KK, Andrews DF and Shadduck RK. Late graft failure due to dual bone marrow infection with variants A and B of human herpesvirus 6. Exper Hematology 1995; 23:626-629. Carrigan DR and Knox KK. Bone marrow suppression by human herpesvirus six (HHV-6): Comparison of the A and B variants of the virus. Blood 1995; 86:835-836. Singh N, Gayowski T, Carrigan DR and Singh J. Human herpesvirus 6 associated febrile dermatosis with thrombocytopenia and encephalopathy in a liver transplant recipient. Transplantation 1995; 60:1355-1357. Secchiero P, Carrigan DR, Benedetti L, Crowley RW, Komaroff AL, Gallo RC, and Lusso P. Detection of HHV-6 in serum of immunosuppressed individuals by polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:273-280. Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) and bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1995; 85:294-295. Wang FZ, Dahl H, Linde A et al. Lymphotropic herpesviruses in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1996; 88:3615-3620. Knox KK and Carrigan DR. Chronic marrow suppression in a bone marrow transplant patient associated with persistent HHV-6 marrow infection. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22:174-175. Hammerling JA, Lambrecht RS, Kehl KS and Carrigan DR. Prevalence of HHV-6 in autopsy derived lung tissue of pediatric patients with pneumonitis. J Clin Pathol 1996; 49:802-804. Singh N, Gayowski T and Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) infection in liver transplant recipients: Documentation of pathogenicity. Transplantation 1997; 64, 674-678. Mookerjee BP and Vogelsang G. Human herpes virus 6 encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with ganciclovir. Bone Marrow Transpl 1997; 20:905-906. Rieux C, Gautheret-Dejean A, Challine-Lehmann D, Kirch C, Agut H and Vernant JP. Human herpesvirus 6 meningoencephalitis in a recipient of an unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1998; 65:1408-1411.
HHV-6 and Chronic Fatigue SyndromeJosephs SF, Henry B, Balachandran N, Strayer D, Peterson D, Komaroff Al and Ablashi DV. HHV-6 reactivation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1991; 337:1346-1347. Buchwald D, Cheney PR, Peterson DL, Henry B, Wormsley SB, Geiger A, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Saxinger C, Biddle R, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, Folks T, Balachandran N, Peter JB, Gallo RC and Komaroff Al. A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active human herpesvirus type 6 infection. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:103-116. Yalcin S, Kuratsune H, Yamaguchi K, Kitani T and Yamanishi K. Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Microbiol Immunol 1994; 38:587-590. Strayer DR, Carter WA, Brodsky I, Cheney P, Peterson D, Salvato P, Thompson C, Loveless M, Shapiro DE, Elasser W and Gillespie DH. A controlled clinical trial with a specifically configured RNA drug, poly(I)-poly(C12U), in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18(suppl 1):S88-S95. DiLuca D, Zorzenon M, Mirandola P, Colle R, Botta GA and Cassai E. Human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:1660-1661. Patnaik M, Komaroff AL, Conley E, Ojo-Amaize EA and Peter JB. Prevalence of IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 early antigen (p41/38) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:1364-1367.
HHV-6 and HIV DiseaseCorbellino M, Lusso P, Gallo RC, Parravicini C, Galli M and Moroni M. Disseminated human herpesvirus 6 infection in AIDS. Lancet 1993; 342:1242. Knox KK and Carrigan DR. Disseminated active HHV-6 infections in patients with AIDS. Lancet 1994; 343:577-578. Burd EM and Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) associated dysfunction of blood monocytes. Virus Research 1993; 29:79-90. Knox KK, Pietryga D, Franciosi R, and Carrigan DR. Progressive immunodeficiency and fatal pneumonitis associated with HHV-6 infection in an infant. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20:406-413. Knox KK and Carrigan DR. Active human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) infection of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS. J Immune Defic Syndr and Hum Retrovir 1995; 9:69-73. Knox KK, Harrington D and Carrigan DR. Fulminant human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) encephalitis in an HIV infected infant. J Med Virol 1995; 45:288-292. Knox K. In Vitro Studies of HHV-6 and HIV on Low Density Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells. In Human Herpesvirus Six (HHV-6): Evidence for its Role s a Cofactor in the Pathogenesis of AIDS. Doctoral Dissertation; Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 1995. Knox KK and Carrigan DR. Active HHV-6 infection in the lymph nodes of HIV infected patients: In vitro evidence that HHV-6 can break HIV latency. J Acquired Immune Defic Syndromes and Human Retrovirol 1996; 11:370-378. Carrigan DR, Harrington D and Knox KK. Variant A human herpesvirus six as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS. J Acquired Immune Defic Syndr and Hum Retrovirol 1996; 13:97-98. Dolcetti R, DiLuca D, Carbone A, Mirandola S, DeVita S, Vaccher E, Sighinolfi L, Gloghini A, Tirelli U, Cassai E and Bolocchi M. Human herpesvirus 6 in immunodeficiency virus infected individuals: association with early histologicphases of lymphadenopathy syndrome but not with malignanat lymphoproliferative disorders. J Med Virol 1996; 48:344-353. Clark DA, Ait-Khaled M, Wheeler AC, Kidd IM, McLaughlin JE, Johnson MA, Griffiths PD and Emery VC. Quantification of human herpesvirus 6 in immunocompetent persons and post-mortem tissues from AIDS patients by PCR. J Gen Virol 1996; 77:2271-2275. Iuliano R, Ceccherini-Nelli L, Mazzotta F, Torelli G, Barozzi P, Mecocci L, Pizzigallo AM, Barsanti LA, Forastieri G, Luppi M, Lico S, and Trovato R. Human herpesvirus-6 reactivation in a longitudinal study of two HIV-1 infected patients. J Med Virol 1997; 51:259-264. Gautheret A, Aubin JT, Fauveau V, Rozenbaum W, Huraux JM and Agut H. Rate of detection of human herpesvirus 6 at different stages of HIV infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14:820-824.
Primary HHV-6 InfectionsYamanishi K, Okuno T, Shiraki K, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Asano Y, Kurata T: Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthum subitum. Lancet 1988, 1:1065-1067. Asano Y, Yoshikawa T, Suga S, Yazaki T, Kondo K and Yamanishi K. Fatal fulminant hepatitis in an infant with human herpesvirus-6 infection. Lancet 1990; 335:862-863. Ishiguro N, Yamada S, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Togashi T, Okuno T, Yamanishi K: Meningoencephalitis associated with HHV-6 related exanthum subitum. Acta Pediatr Scand 1990, 79:987-989. Bernstein DI. Human herpesvirus 6 and exanthum subitum. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1991; 6:179-192. Pruksananonda P, Hall CB, Insel RA, McIntyre K et al. Primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in young children. N Engl J Med 1992; 326:14450-1450. Prezioso PJ, Cangiarella J, Lee M, et al. Fatal disseminated infection with human herpesvirus 6. J Pediatr 1992; 120:921-923. Segondy M, Astruc J, Atoui N, Echenne B, Robert C, Agut H: Herpesvirus 6 infection in young children. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:1099-1100. Dewhurst S, McIntyre K, Schnabel K and Hall CB. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
variant B accounts for the majority of symptomatic primary HHV-6 infections in a
population of U.S. infants. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:416-418. Portolani M, Cermelli C, Moroni A, Bertolani MF, Di Luca D, Cassai E, Sabbatini AM. Human herpesvirus 6 infections in infants admitted to hospital. J Med Virol 1993; 39:146-151. Kondo K, Nagafuji H, Hata A, Tomomori C, Yamanishi K. Association of human herpesvirus 6 infection of the central nervous system with recurrence of febrile convulsions. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:1197-1200. Ward KN and Gray JJ. Primary human herpesvirus 6 infection is frequently overlooked as a cause of febrile fits in young children. J Med Virol 1994; 42:119-123. Asano Y, Yoshikawa T, Suga S, Kobayashi I, Nakashima T, Yazaki T, Kajita Y and Ozaki T. Clinical features of infants with primary human herpesvirus 6 infection (exanthem subitum, roseola infantum). Pediatrics 1994;93:104-108. Kitamura K, Ohta H, Ihara T et al. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura after human herpesvirus 6 infection. Lancet 1994; 344:830. Hall CB, Long CE, Schnabel KC, Caserta MT et al. Human herpesvirus 6 infection in children: A prospective study of complications and reactivations. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:432-438. Caserta MT, Hall CB, Schnabel K et al. Neuroinvasion and persistence of human
herpesvirus 6 in children. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:1586-1589. Kamei A, Fujiwara T, Hiraga S, Onuma R and Ichinohe S. Acute disseminated demyelination due to primary human herpesvirus-6 infection. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156(9):709-712. Hidaka Y, Kusuhara K, Takabayashi A, Okada K, Miyazaki C, Aoki T and Ueda K. Symptomatic primary infection with human herpesvirus 6 variant A. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:1022-1023. Yoshikawa T, Morooka M, Suga S, Niinomi Y, Kaneko T, Shinoda K, Muraki Y, Takahashi K, Sugaya N and Asano Y. Five cases of thrombocytopenia induced by primary human herpesvirus 6 infection. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1998; 40:278-281. Links to other pages in the Physician's
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